Effectiveness of Electrical Stimulation on Improving Upper Extremity Function for Adults with Spinal Cord Injury
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Authors
Hiebert, Isaac
Juffer, Mara
Miles, Kyra
Stegeman, Grace
Issue Date
2025-05
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Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) affect up to 500,000 individuals worldwide annually, with significant physical, psychological, social, and financial implications. The physical limitations that come with SCIs, such as decreased upper extremity (UE) function, can lead to decreased participation in society and daily activities. Decreased independence in meaningful activities can lead to a lower quality of life for individuals with SCIs.
Aim: The aim of this critical analysis topic (CAT) is to highlight the critical role of occupational therapy in SCI recovery and analyze the research on the use and effectiveness of electrical stimulation techniques in facilitating recovery of upper extremity function and promoting independence in desired activities.
Method: Articles included in this review were peer-reviewed, published in 2013 or later, categorized as Level IB and Level IIB studies, composed of articles with a study population of individuals that have sustained a spinal cord injury, and included electrical stimulation techniques as a component of the intervention. Students critically analyzed articles using the inclusion criteria to synthesize the information. Students then used the information to develop implications for occupational therapy practice.
Results: Protocols for electrical stimulation will vary based on the individuals' strengths, areas of improvement, and goals, but research indicates that use of electrical stimulation in adjunct with task-specific training, massed practice, or other purposeful client-centered interventions can lead to improved upper extremity function in individuals with SCI. Electrical stimulation in conjunction with other therapies can promote increased participation in self-care activities by improving upper extremity strength, dexterity, range of motion, and sensation. Further research on electrical stimulation for patients with SCI should incorporate larger sample sizes in order to generalize results.
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Creighton University
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Copyright is retained by the Author. A non-exclusive distribution right is granted to Creighton University